Chapter 13 explores the stages of writing and also the writing process. The ability to write competently is more important than ever. The complex relationship between reading and writing is discussed. Suggestions are offered for creating an atmosphere conducive to writing, using portfolios, and balancing functional and systematic instruction in form and content.

The chapter should help you in your assignment 2 for the writing process hence keep an open mind as you read, and take note of current ideas in writing instruction. Also note the writing steps and what each process entails as described in the text.

Think about what you remember about your middle school learning experience. Think about what motivated you as a reader/writerand types of learning dthat you feel disempowered you.As you plan to tackle assignment #2 also think how your experience in middle school has influenced you as a teacher.

As a result of reading this chapter, students will learn and be able to:

Explain the context of writing instruction, the roots of writing development, and current status of writing achievement.

Explain and teach writing process and guided writing.

Set up and manage a writing workshop.

Teach a variety of genres of writing and foster the writing of English learners (ELs).

Assess students’ writing development.

Use writing to develop reading and reading to develop writing.